【英语语法】之——.英文句子成分教材课程.ppt

第1讲：英文基本句型;一、英文句子构成：主语＋谓语 ;思维与用法 ; 这里陈述对象一般是由名词或者相当于名词的成分来充当，用语法术语来说叫做主语。而陈述内容则是说明主与怎么样了，都是用动词来表达，我们称之为谓语。因此，一个完整的英文句子就是：“主语＋谓语”或者“名词＋动词”。所以，英文句子结构非常有自己的规律，总是要写出“主语＋谓语”。 思考：英文句子为什么非得要有主语和谓语动词呢？ ;2、五种基本句型概述;二、特别关注;思维与用法 ;3、主语＋谓语＋宾语 （+状语）：SVO∕SVOA;思维与用法;4、主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语：SVoO ;思维与用法;5、主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ：SVOC;思维与用法;温故知新：In Brief ;第2讲：英语句子分析：句子结构类型 ;1、主语＋谓语动词（＋状语）：Subjet＋Intransitive Verb ;2、主语＋系动词＋主语补足语（也称作表语）：Subject＋Link Verb＋Subject Complement ;⑵ 也可用介词短语作表语：Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. ⑶ 副词不能用作表语：He looks happily. （错误）⑷ 在英语中，除了be动词以外，还有以下系动词：1）单纯表示主语的特征、状态的：feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等。①The iron feels hot. ②The rose doesn’t smell much. ;2）表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的：become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come等。（这些系动词与形容词连用，一般是具有固定的搭配关系）①Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short. ②The jokes fell flat. ③fall asleep ；fall due ④go hungry ；go sour ；go wrong⑤Hope your dreams will come true. ⑥The leaf will turn yellow in autumn. ⑦I’ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.;3）表示主语保持某种状态：continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove等。①The weather continued fine for several days. ②He held silent for the whole day. ③He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy. ④You may rest assured that he will come to the party. ;4）＊近似于不及物动词的系动词：sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die, be born等。（只需了解，不要求掌握！）①Mr. Bean often acted weird in public. (Mr. Bean was weird when he acted in public.) ②All the audience sat silent. (不用silently) ③He was born poor.④The boy blushed scarlet. ⑤I married young. (I was young when I married.)⑥He died young. 比较：He works hard. ⑦Jane Austin died a spinster. 比较：He died a hero’s death. ;3、主语＋谓语＋宾语：Subject＋Transitive Verb＋Object ;4、主语＋谓语＋双宾语：Subject＋Dative Verb＋Indirect Object＋Direct Object;1）同give一样，当间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前需带介词to，表示间接宾语时动作的接受者。这样的动词有：assign, award, bring, deliver, deny, feed, give, grant, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, promise, post, read, recommend, sell