2017年高二英语人教版选修8素材：资源链接 Unit2　Cloning Word版含解析.docVIP

资源链接 Cloning Fact Sheet Introduction The possibility of human cloning,raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much celebrated sheep “Dolly”(Nature 385,810 13,1997),aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.The feat,cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997,also generated uncertainty over the meaning of “cloning” —an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. What is cloning?Are there different types of cloning? When the media report on cloning in the news,they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning.There are different types of cloning however,and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism.A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions.The following three types of cloning technologies are usually performed:(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning,(2) reproductive cloning,and(3) therapeutic cloning. What animals have been cloned? Scientists have been cloning animals for many years.In 1952,the first animal,a tadpole,was cloned.Before the creation of Dolly,the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal,clones were created from embryonic cells.Since Dolly,researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,and a gaur.All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology. Hundreds of cloned animals exist today,but the number of different species is limited.Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys,chickens,horses,and dogs,have been unsuccessful.Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others.The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nu