Expansion in Texas在德克萨斯的扩张.ppt

The Bear Flag Republic A group of American settlers, led by Fremont, hoisted a flag over Sonoma that featured a grizzly bear, and declared their independence and proclaimed the nation of the Bear Flag Republic. Kearny’s forces arrived from NM and joined forces with Fremont. Mexican troops quickly gave way, leaving US forces in control of CA. The War in Mexico American forces were very successful in Mexico. American leadership under people like Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant was much more capable than Mexican leadership. The American invasion of Mexico lasted about a year. Along with Taylor, the Americans were led by General Winfield Scott. Santa Anna, who had been in exile in Cuba since being overthrown by Herrera, promised Polk that he would help the American cause if the US could sneak him back into Mexico. Once in Mexico, he reclaimed the presidency and took control of the army. Taylor’s forces captured Monterrey in 1846 and Buena Vista in 1847. Scott’s forces made an amphibious landing near Vera Cruz and captured that city. Scott then marched on Mexico City, which he captured on Sept. 14, 1847. Scott’s forces did not lose a single battle during the Mexican War. America Claims the Spoils of War Mexico lost 50,000 men and half of its land. US lost 13,000 men (11,000 died from disease), but enlarged US territory by 1/3. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848: US and Mexico sign peace treaty, with Mexico ceding CA, NV, NM, UT, most of AZ, parts of CO, and WY. The US paid $15 million for these territories. 5 years later the US paid Mexico an additional $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase, establishing the current borders of the lower US. Election of 1848 Polk did not run for reelection in 1848 due to his poor health. Democratic nominee was Lewis Cass. Some Democrats supported Martin Van Buren, who led the new antislavery Free-Soil Party. The Whig nominee, war hero Taylor, narrowly won the election. The CA Gold Rush In 1848, gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in C