182 Air Pollution：182空气污染.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 18.7 Ways to help protect children from lead poisoning. Question: Which two of these solutions do you think are the most important? Why? * * * * * Figure 18.8 How pollutants are formed from burning of coal and oil. The result is industrial smog (Concept 18-2). * Figure 18.8 How pollutants are formed from burning of coal and oil. The result is industrial smog (Concept 18-2). * * * * * Figure 18.9 A greatly simplified model of how pollutants that make up photochemical smog are formed. * * * * * * * * * Figure 18.11 A temperature inversion, in which a warm air layer sits atop a cooler air layer, can take place in either of two sets of topography and weather conditions. Air pollutants can build to harmful levels during an inversion, which can occur during cold, cloudy weather in a valley surrounded by mountains (left). Frequent and prolonged temperature inversions can also occur in an area with a sunny climate, light winds, mountains on three sides, and the ocean on the other (right). A layer of descending warm air from a high-pressure system prevents ocean-cooled air near the ground from ascending enough to disperse and dilute pollutants. Because of their topography, Los Angeles, California (USA), and Mexico City, Mexico, have frequent temperature inversions, many of them prolonged, during the summer and fall. * * Case Study: Lead Is a Highly Toxic Pollutant (1) Does not break down in the environment Sources Human health and environmental impact Most vulnerable Case Study: Lead Is a Highly Toxic Pollutant (2) Reduction of lead (Pb) Unleaded gasoline Unleaded paint Still problems 2007: toys with Pb paint recalled Global ban on lead in gasoline and paint Fig. 18-7, p. 476 SOLUTIONS Lead Poisoning Prevention Control Phase out leaded gasoline worldwide Replace lead pipes and plumbing fixtures containing lead solder Phase out waste incineration Remove leaded paint and lead dust from older houses and apartments Ban use of lead solder Sh