How to Facilitate Flexibility如何方便灵活.pptVIP

How to Facilitate Flexibility? Brainstorming Generate ideas Usually done in groups Don’t judge – respect crude ideas Quantity is important Brainstorming is a skill that can be developed Skills are developed by practice The Intermediate Impossible For really hard problems Generate an impossible solution “Play with” that solution Expand on it, modify it Thus, the “impossible” solution is an intermediate step to a feasible solution Example Problems Unloading cargo ships takes a long time. Unload at sea? New (taller) cargo ships cannot enter a port city due to a bridge. Lower river? A factory dumps pollution into a river. If the factory had to suffer from the pollution, they would be motivated to clean it up. So, put factory downstream from factory? Random Associations Pick an (interesting) word out of the dictionary. Let it stimulate your mind. Problem: Noise pollution Word: Anthracite Comes from under ground Put noise underground? Put quiet places underground? Black Eyelids cover eyes… cover ears? Analogies and Metaphors Many inventors take analogies from nature Tunnels underwater: worms tunneling in wood Microphone (for telephone) from the ear Infection cause deduced from observing fermentation of wine Spider nets lead to fishing nets Sleep On It Passage of time can unstick many problems The mind “incubates” the problem. Perhaps works on problem unconsciously Each of us has circumstances in which we are most creative lying in bed, taking a shower, on the toilet Take advantage of this. Must give yourself time to solve the problem. Example: debugging a computer program Sleep On It (cont) It gives you a chance to come at the problem with another approach Does the solution occur to you? Perhaps a new approach that immediately leads to the solution? Promotes (allows) lateral thinking Heuristic: Wishful Thinking A B C C B A C B A C B A A B C C B A C B A C B A Monks Problem A monk climbs a mountain. He starts from the bottom at 8 AM and reaches the top at noon. He spen