Small Holder Market Participation - Cornell University小座市场参与-康奈尔大学.pptVIP

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Small Holder Market Participation - Cornell University小座市场参与-康奈尔大学.ppt

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Small Holder Market Participation - Cornell University小座市场参与-康奈尔大学.ppt

Smallholder Market Participation:Concepts and Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University FAO workshop on Staple Food Trade and Market Policy Options for Promoting Development in Eastern and Southern Africa Rome, March 1-2, 2007 * Motivation for paper… Market participation necessary for structural transformation from subsistence agriculture to an economy based on specialization, exchange and technological innovation. A market-led paradigm of development replaced state-driven modernization from late-1970s but transformation has been slow, especially in Africa. Apparent existence of semi-subsistence poverty traps in rural Africa: rudimentary production technologies, minimal gains from trade, meager asset endowments and poorly functioning market and supporting institutions … a self-reinforcing low-level equilibrium. But higher-level equilibria also exist and are perhaps attainable with appropriate interventions. * Conceptual Foundations Nonseparable household model with (i) household-level transactions costs to access market, and (ii) market-specific costs of integration with border. Core result: market supply response and welfare effects price/trade policy depend heavily on initial endowments; on transactions costs at both household- and market-level; on competition and price transmission. As a result, price/trade policy is ineffective instrument for many rural Africans. * Market Equilibria In A Remote, Low-Potential Rural Area * Market Equilibria In An Accesible, High-Potential Rural Area * Finding #1: Relatively few smallholders sell staple foodgrains. Especially true with respect to net sales. Empirical evidence Foodgrains Market Participation in Eastern and Southern Africa * * Empirical evidence Finding #2: Smallholder market participation and net sales are strongly increasing in wealth and its correlates (e.g., credit access, use of improved production technologies) as well as residence in a high-potential zone wi