ANANTOMY amp; PHYSIOLOGY OF NITROUS OXIDE - Bilin#231;li …解剖amp；氧化亚氮-比林和# 231生理；李….ppt

ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGYfor NITROUS OXIDE Respiratory System Two functional parts Conducting zone Respiratory zone Conducting Zone Transports gases from outside to respiratory zone Includes anatomic deadspace (150 ml) Conducting Zone Nasal passages Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx Conducting Zone (cont.) Larynx Trachea Bronchi (left and right mainstem) Bronchioles Respiratory Zone Portion of lung where exchange of gases occurs between blood and air Respiratory Zone Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli Alveolus Unit in which actual gas exchange occurs Around 300 million total A pocket of air surrounded by thin membrane (1-2 micrometers in thickness) containing capillaries Alveolus Wall consists of 4 thin layers Mucinous covering Alveolar epithelium (incomplete) Interstitial layer Endothelial cells (pulmonary capillaries) Physiology of Respiration Inhaled gases travel through conducting zone to respiratory zone Gases diffuse across alveolar membranes according to pressure gradients Pulmonary capillaries are a pool of blood vessels (70 sq meters) Respiratory Mechanics Pre inspiration - resting - -5cm H2O pleural Peak inspiration - more negative pressures End inspiration - negative pleural, 0 alveolar Peak expiration -positive alveolar End expiration - -5cm pleural, 0 alveolar Respiratory Mechanics Muscles Involved Primary - Diaphragm Intercostals Accessory - Abdominals, Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoid Some back muscles Respiratory Mechanics Resting pleural cavity pressure = - 5 cm H20 Thorax expands, increasing negative pressure Air flows into lungs/alveoli until positive pressure develops and gas exchange occurs Air flows out of lungs to return to resting pleural pressure of negative 5 cm H20 Nitrous Oxide Inhalational Sedation May Represent the Most Ideal Sedation Technique PHARMACOLOGY OFNITROUS OXIDE Preparation