Electrochemistry - GST BOCES：电化学- GST董事.pptVIP

Electrochemistry Electrochemical Cells Electrons are transferred between the particles being oxidized and reduced Two types Spontaneous = Voltaic (or Galvanic) Cell Uses a spontaneous redox reaction to produced electricity Non-spontaneous = Electrolytic Cell Uses electricity to force a redox reaction to occur Voltaic Cells Also called galvanic cells A redox reaction produces electricity Occurs spontaneously Voltaic Cell Half Cells Each ? of the redox reaction occurs in a separate container One for oxidation and one for reduction They are connected by a salt bridge Salt Bridge: allows ions to flow between the two cells Electrodes Metals which provide a surface for oxidation or reduction to occur Solids Oxidation Number = 0 Anode Cathode ANODE Oxidation occurs at the anode Negative electrode CATHODE Reduction occurs at the cathode Positive electrode Flow of Electrons The electrodes are connected by a wire Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the wire Why does the cell produce electricity? There is a difference of electric potential between the two electrodes Electrons will flow between the two electrodes until equilibrium is reached At equilibrium the cell’s voltage would be zero Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 Batteries Use a redox reaction which produces electricity spontaneously Batteries are recharged by reversing the reaction Dry Cell (Acid or Alkaline), Lead Storage (Car), Rechargeable (Ni/Cd) Electrolytic Cells Also called electrolysis An electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction An electric current is used to force a non-spontaneous reaction to occur Oxidation occurs at the anode Reduction occurs at the cathode Electrons flow from anode to cathode The cathode is the negative electrode The anode is the positive electrode This is opposite of the chemical cell because the external current causes the polarities to switch Electroplating Object to be plated is the CATHODE, negative Metal to be plated onto the object is the ANODE,