Impacts of Dispersed Development from Federal Infrastructure Projects从联邦基础设施项目分散发展的影响.pptVIP

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Impacts of Dispersed Development from Federal Infrastructure Projects从联邦基础设施项目分散发展的影响.ppt

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Impacts of Dispersed Development from Federal Infrastructure Projects从联邦基础设施项目分散发展的影响.ppt

Environmental Impacts of Dispersed Development from Federal Infrastructure Projects Mark Southerland Versar, Inc. Historical Origins Dispersed development, a.k.a. urban growth or sprawl, began in early 20th century as Americans began expanding into suburbs to escape poor conditions in cities Trains, streetcars, and cars facilitated this trend After 1916, state and federal funds became available for highway and other infrastructure construction History of Federal Involvement 1930s federal housing policies and mortgage insurance for new homes 1950s development of federal infrastructure (highways, water, sewer) Policies and monetary incentives to increase automobile use 1980s regional planning and smart growth initiatives Situation Today Dispersed development is real - even when population does not increase, the total area developed and VMT often increase Dispersed development is often associated with federal infrastructure projects, such as highways Resources are being significantly affected, so NEPA must consider dispersed development EPA Role Dispersed development is ripe for more attention EPA Development, Community, and Environment Division focusing on Smart Growth NEPA Review Mandate NEPA practice has improved, especially consideration of indirect and cumulative effects EPA Office of Federal Activities may soon develop guidance for 309 reviewers Arthur Totten Joe Montgomery Dispersed Development - Defined A population that is widely separated in low-density development Separation between homes, shops, and workplaces Roads marked by large blocks and poor access A lack of well-defined activity centers, such as downtowns and town centers Federal Infrastructure Projects Transportation, such as highways, transits, airports, and harbors Built infrastructure, such as water supply reservoirs and treatment and distribution systems, wastewater treatment plants and sewer systems, and power generation and transmission facilities Modified natural infrastructure,