PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUELS THE ENVIRONMENT ISSUES 公共交通能源与环境问题.pptVIP

PUBLIC TRANSPORTFUELS THE ENVIRONMENTISSUES OPTIONS2010 Beyond Background . . . Passenger Goods Transportation, public or private sector in Pakistan, operates almost entirely on Diesel The high percentage (approx 25%) of unburned Diesel (particulates) seriously threatens our environment Frequent increases in cost of HSD in recent years has meant higher passenger tariffs and enhanced carriage rates, thus further impact on the inflation scenario This has necessitated a study of alternative fuels for public transport to compare respective pros and cons Background . . . Conventional vehicle fuels, petrol diesel, because of rising costs and ill effects on the environment, were considered for replacement and CNG quickly became a viable option for many motorists In the Public Transport sector, however, CNG was not as popular, for varying reasons, with some exceptions. In order to develop a tenable plan for the future of this sector, it is essential to analyze available options A Brief Look At The Energy Situation . . . Estimated Natural Gas Demand-Supply Picture . . . CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS INPUBLIC TRANSPORT FUELS Should be readily available, whether locally-produced or imported, and easily/economically distributable Should be eco-friendly, meet internationally prescribed standards and effectively reduce pollution Should provide a cost-effective solution to operators in the public and private sectors Any “switch-over” when considered should have least burden on the exchequer Available Alternate Fuel Options . . . With Bio-Fuels still a distant proposition, the realistic alternatives to look at, singly or as a combination, are stated below: 1. CNG – from local gas fields or re-gasified, imported LNG or Iran (IP) 2. LPG – local (OGDC fields) or imported 3. LPG-On-DIESEL: New Technologies 1: CNG – Salient Features . . . Pros Eco-Friendly Vs Diesel/Petrol Existing Network of Stations (not suitable for Heavy Trpt.) Cost-effective over petrol/dies