Representation - United States Elections Project表示美国选举项目.pptVIP

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Representation - United States Elections Project表示美国选举项目.ppt

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Representation GOVT311 Lecture 20 Are Representatives “Representative”? Are Representatives “Representative”? Representatives are better educated and wealthier than public. True for all political elites, such as party activists Who is interested in serving? Most are “self-starters” Fewer are “reluctants” – people urged by their friends and family Are Representatives “Representative” on Issues? For most issues, the Public and Representatives hold the same attitudes on policy Except for tax breaks for the wealthy and gun control Is incumbency advantage “Bad”? Bad: incumbents don’t have to act as delegates Good: incumbents who want to be reelected are most likely to act as delegates (else they get the boot). Good: people must like incumbent job performance since so many are reelected Three Roles of Representatives Delegate: a representative is a vessel, filled with the views of their constituents Trustee (Edmund Burke): a representative elected to make decisions for people, in their best interest, regardless how they feel Politico: A person who acts as both, depending on the situation Most representatives say (in polls) they are a trustee or politico The Delegate For the delegate theory to work, representatives must have some idea of what their constituents want, which they do through… Polling Questionnaires Election returns Constituent profile Mail and phone calls to office Home style “Squeaky wheel gets the grease” The Trustee Representatives must act as a trustee when they vote on arcane issues that the public does not follow These are perhaps the most difficult votes to make for a delegate-minded representative, who is afraid that a vote will unexpectedly activate a group in the district against the representative Evidence of Delegate Behavior Using “Vote for Clinton” as a measure of the liberal/conservative leaning of a district, districts that are most liberal have members that vote the most liberal in Congress (ET p.312-313). As election time draws near, Senator