Compounds of Life - Lawndale High School化合物-德尔的高中生活.pptVIP

Compounds of Life Chapter 4-2,3 Carbon = Organic Compounds Carbon has 4 electrons in it’s outer shell. Can hold 4 more electrons (octet rule) 4 spots open = 4 chemical bonds These bonds are covalent bonds that are strong and stable Monomer – single smaller compound Ex: glucose, amino acid, lipid Polymer – when monomers are joined together by chemical bonds Polymerization – process of bonding monomers to make a polymer Compounds of Life Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and are found in all living things There are four basic organic compounds: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Contains C, H, O (2:1 ratio H:O) Sugars starches to store energy Monosaccharide – simple sugar Glucose, galactose, fructose Disaccharide – double sugar Sucrose, maltose, lactose Polysaccharide – many sugars Starch and glycogen Bonded by dehydration Lipids Contains C, H, O (2:1 ratio H:O) Three primary functions: Store energy (fat) Form biological membranes (phospholipid) Chemical messengers (steroids) Formed from glycerol with three fatty acids Bonded by dehydration Protein Contains mainly C, H, N, O as well as other elements Identified by an amino group (-NH2) and carboxyl group (-COOH) Used for practically EVERYTHING Made by bonding amino acids together through a special dehydration synthesis called a peptide bond Enzymes Enzyme: Protein that serves as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction. Active site in an enzyme binds to a substrate and activates the chemical reaction. Nucleic Acids Made of C, H, O, N, P Store and transmit information on how to create proteins and keep cell functioning properly Two main polymer types are DNA and RNA Long chains of nucleotides form to become a nucleic acid Bonded by a special dehydration called a phosphodiester bond * *