Equilibrium Phase Diagram of Aggregation in Solutions of ：在溶液中的聚集平衡相图.pptVIP

Statistical Mechanics of Ion Channels: No Life Without Entropy A. Kamenev J. Zhang B. I. Shklovskii A. I. Larkin Department of Physics, U of Minnesota Ion channels of cell membranes α-Hemolysin: One ion inside the channel Barrier: Transport Two ion barrier Entropy ! Low salt concentration: collective ion barrier Ions are free to enter Entropy at the energy barrier increases the optimum value of S happens at and Barrier in free energy decreases by Result First results: Transport barrier decreases with salt concentration Theory: Does this all explain experimental data ? Channels are ``doped’’ Theory of the doped channels: Theory of the doped channels (cont): So ? What did we learn about narrow channels? Divalent ions : Ion exchange phase transitions Ca Channels and Ca fractionalization Wake up ! Interaction potential Quantum dot arrays Phase transitions in divalent salt solutions Ion exchange phase transitions Energy: Pairs exist in ground state A pair in the channel: Length of a pair: Dimensionless concentration of ions: Concentration of pairs: At low concentration pairs are sparse. At high concentration pairs overlap and the concept on pairs is no longer valid. High concentration: reason of barrier  Doped channel: a simple model Beyond the simplest model Ratio of dielectrics is not infinity Electric field lines begin to leave at Channel lengths are finite Ions are not planes see A. Kamenev, J. Zhang, A. I. Larkin, B. I. Shklovskii cond-mat/0503027 Future work: DNA in the channel * * Los Alamos, September 28, 2006 PRL, 95, 148101 (2005), Physica A, 359, 129 (2006), PRE 73, 051205 (2006). (length L radius a) water filled nanopores for desalination water filled nanopores in silicon oxide films α-Hemolysin 10 nm 10 nm Gauss theorem: Self energy: Parsegian,1969 There is an energy barrier for the charge tran