高中动词语态学案(后附有练习).docVIP

被动语态学案 被动语态 I. 何时使用被动语态1. 不知道或没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者; The?house?is?quite?old.?It?was?built?in?1950. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时;  Books?and?newspapers?in?the?reading?room?mustnt?be?taken?away. 3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。  The?construction?of?the?new?lab?must?be?completed?by?the?end?of?next?month. II. 构成及变换方法 1. 构成：be +（及物动词的）过去分词 2. 做题步骤： 1) 判断谓语动词与主语的关系是否为“被动”； 2) 先写出该动词的过去分词； 3) 把“be”当作普通动词，根据句子的时态和人称使用“be”的适当形式。 举例说明： 语法填空题：When water ____________ (heat), it changes into ice. 1) 判断动词heat与主语water是“被动”关系； 2) 先写出heat的过去分词heated; 3) 根据句子的时态和人称使用“be”的适当形式为is 该题答案：is heated。 III. 被动语态的时态 1. 一般现在时：am/is/are doneDelicious cakes _______________ (bake) every weekend.2. 一般过去时：was/were doneA cake _____________ (bake) yesterday. 3. 一般将来时：will be done或 is/am/are going to be done A cake _________________ (bake) tomorrow. 4. 现在进行时：am/is/are being done（being固定） A cake ______________ (bake) now.5. 过去进行时：was/were being done（being固定） A cake ____________________ (bake) at 6 o’clock yesterday evening.6. 现在完成时：have/has been done A delicious cake ________________ (bake) since she left. 7. 过去完成时：had been done He said a cake _____ already ________________ (bake).8. 将来完成时：will have been done Twenty cakes _______________ (bake) by the end of this week. IV. 被动语态的特殊用法 1. 含情态动词时：情态动词 + be done They should finish the job by noon.(The job ________________ by noon. 2. 动词短语所带的介词、副词不能省略 They looked after the homeless children. ( The homeless children__________________. 3. 主动句的宾补如果是省略to 的不定式，变成被动句后，必须还原不定式的to。 (常见的动词有：make, see, hear, watch, notice等) The boss makes the workers work day and night. (The workers _______________ day and night. 练习与巩固 I. 用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。 1．The boy is happy because he ___________(sell out) all the newspapers.2．If it __________ (not rain) tomorrow, we ____________ (go) fishing.3．The last bus ____________ just ________(leave) when they got to the bus stop.4．The teacher said that light ___________(travel) much faster than sound.5．I __________(feel) muc