Gohfer 培训英文课件8-proppant-transport.pptxVIP

Proppant?Transport?Screenout?BehaviorR.D.?BarreeIn?this?session?…? Look?at?traditional?proppant?transport?and?its?assumptions? Look?at?common?remedies?for?early?screenout? What?factors?actually?affect?proppant?transport???2009Proppant?Transport??Settling? Simple?models?assume?1‐D?flow?and?model?single?particle?settling?(Stokes’?Law)? Fluid?and?particle?velocity?profiles?are?much?more?complex?in?3‐D?flow.– Slurry?density?gradients?cause?gravity?under‐running,?fluid?shear,?and?non‐homogeneous?concentration?profiles.– Fluid?properties?and?leakoff?cause?transverse?particle?migration– Lateral?particle?motion?changes?transport?and?leads?to?screenout??2009Traditional?Prop?TransportSuspended proppant slurry(uniform concentration)Clean pad fluid tocreate w=3-6xdFrac height(assumed to beconstant) Fracture half-lengthSettled sand bank ??2009 Common?Assumptions:? Fluid?Loss/Transport/Screenout? Proppant?is?homogeneously?distributed – Vertically,?laterally,?transversely?????Sand?and?fluid?travel?togetherPad?is?required?to?open?width?for?sandPad?is?depleted?by?leakoffScreenouts?caused?by?prop?bridgingProp?concentration?increased?by?leakoff False?assumptions?lead?to?failed?remedies??2009Common?Remedies?for?Early?Screenout (If?caused?by?pad?depletion?and?bridging)?????Pump?more?pad?volumeIncrease?pump?rateUse?higher?viscosity?fluidsUse?smaller?proppantsUse?fluid‐loss?additivesSometimes they work, and sometimes NOT! ??2009Factors?Affecting?Proppant?Transport?Particle?velocity?profile?in?fracture?Concentration?distribution?across?fracture?width?Slurry?viscosity?increase?with?solids?addition?Single?particle?“Stokes”?settling?velocity?“Hindered”?particle?settling?Convection?from?slurry?bulk?density?gradients?Proppant?holdup?Proppant?bridging??2009Velocity?Distribution?of?Particles?Between? Parallel?Plates 1.2For a uniform particledistribution, the velocityprofile is given by thecumulative frequencyplot. 10.80.60.40.2 0Cum. Particle Count0123456Particle Velocity, cm/sec??2009 Particle?V