1.现实主义美国文学教学文稿.pptVIP

American Realism;Note：The two-stage development of realism;Time span: 1865-1918; After the Civil War (1861-1865), capitalist America witnesses the looming of a gilded age rather than a golden age Heading for industrialization: the deterioration in public morality; public lust for wealth and power Extremes of wealth and poverty: the concentration of wealth in the hands of the few Life: a veritable struggle for survival Basic tone: widely felt disillusionment and frustration;verisimilitude of detail derived from observation The effort to approach the norm of experience– a reliance on the representative in plot, setting and character The effort to offer an objective rather than an idealized view of human nature and experience ;William Dean Howells;Henry James;Mark Twain;Origin: a fundamental element of American folk literature; Originating in the 1820s, seen in the bragging contests that often occurred when the rough men of the American frontier gathered; essentially an oral form of entertainment; remaining popular now. ;Analysis ;Extract from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain;Extract from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain;Extract from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain;Extract from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain;Characterization: Three persons portrayed: ;2. Major themes Technique of telling a story: Mark twain’s theories of humor A refection on the distinctions between different social classes Satire in humor on those opportunists Tricks at different levels Jim Smiley vs his gambling fellows Jim Smiley bull-pup vs certain gambler Jim Smiley vs the stranger ?? The “I” and his friend ?? Simon Wheeler and the “I” 3. Technique in writing Exaggeration Frontier humor Colloquial style ;Naturalism;A Man Said to the Universe BY STEPHEN CRANE A man said to the universe: “Sir, I exist! “However,” replied the universe, “The fact has not created in me “A