复旦大学《组胚学》教学-2016-皮肤-眼与耳－liang.pptVIP

General structure and organization of the retina （1）色素上皮层（RPE） A.结构特点 单层矮柱状 连接紧密 质膜内褶发达 有突起 黑素颗粒 吞噬体 B. 功能 吞噬 保护 合成（储存VitA） 营养 视网膜剥离易发部位 视杆细胞（rod cell) ：感受弱光 视锥细胞（cone cell) ： 感受强光和色觉（红绿蓝三种细胞） （2）视细胞层（感光细胞） 外节--- 内节--- The interface between photoreceptor cells and the pigmented epithelium is weak— site of retinal detachment Weak! 2种双极细胞 水平细胞 无长突细胞 网间细胞 （3）联络神经元 （从内网层接受信息，传至外网层，是一种反馈调节） 外网层 内网层 2种节细胞（ganglion cell) 侏儒节细胞（Mg）：一对一弥散节细胞（Dg）：多对一 （4）投射神经元 1.色素上皮层 2.视锥视杆层 3.外界膜 4.外核层 5.外网层 6.内核层 7内网层 8.节细胞层 9.视神经纤维层 10.内界膜 The inner limiting layer (ILL) The nerve fiber layer (NFL), containing the ganglionic cell axons that converge at the optic disc and form the optic nerve The ganglionic layer (GL), containing cell bodies of the ganglion cells and thicker near the retina’s center than its periphery The inner plexiform layer (IPL), containing fibers and synapses of the ganglion cells and the bipolar neurons of the next layer The inner nuclear layer (INL), with the cell bodies of several types of bipolar neurons which begin to integrate signals from the rod and cone cells The outer plexiform layer (OPL), containing fibers and synapses of the bipolar neurons and rod and cone cells The outer nuclear layer (ONL), with the cell bodies and nuclei of the photosensitive rod and cone cells The rod and cone layer (RCL), which contains the outer segments of these cells where the photoreceptors are located The non-neural pigmented layer (PL), which has several supportive functions important for the function and maintenance of the neural retina. 黄斑（macula lutea) 中央凹（central fovea) 视乳头(papilla of optic nerve) 黄斑与视神经乳头 只有视锥细胞 一对一传递信息视觉最敏锐 General instruction 1.Consists of 2.Functions? A.The external ear B.The middle ear C.The internal ear A. Sensory for movement B. Sensory for sound C. Sensory for location Ear 骨迷路（osseous labyrinth)： 3个半规管、前庭、 耳蜗 膜迷路（membranous labyrinth)：壶腹嵴、位觉斑、螺旋器 内耳（inner ear) 1.半规管与壶腹嵴 感受头部旋转运动的开始与终止 前庭神经 2.前庭与位觉斑包括椭圆囊斑和球囊斑 感受头部直线变