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Education in China after the reform, a case - EDUCATION IN CHINA文档
EDUCATION IN CHINA AFTER THE REFORM A CASE ON DEREGULATION OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION Yushi MAO Unirule Institute of Economics 2007.9.4 New Delhi Education prior to the reform Education is one of the pillars of proletarian dictatorship The Party controlled the appointment of school chief, approval of text books, and appropriation financial resources to education sector. Education is a department of mandate economy. Education is basically free but with limited supply, especially on high education. * Through Anti-right Party campaign Mao established absolute dictatorship In 1957, MAO launched Anti-right Party campaign. A half million outstanding intellectuals were persecuted, mostly university professors students and research fellows. Since then no different voice can be heard, and policy went to absurd. That led to the great famine in 1959-61, when 30 million people died, a loss of 5% population. * University students reduced by 93% during Cultural Revolution MAO said: “University education should continue, I mean university for science and technology” implying that for social sciences should be closed. University students reduced from 674 k to 48 k, a reduction of 93%. Professors were exiled to farmland, and campus were occupied by troops. The notion:“Knowledge is useless” prevailed in China. This is the darkest era of education. * As reform started, university resume to enroll students Reform began in 1978. Universities resumed to enroll students at the same year. Students increased to 1.4 million in 1984, more than double as before cultural revolution. Huge difficulty was to be overcome, in terms of accommodation, teaching staff, apparatus, library. * Private schools were permitted to be set up in 2002 Sole State ownership in education sector was replaced by plural ownership. Private investment entered to schools of different grade, from kindergarten to college. But the profit earned by private schools was limited to a certain amount. Private schools c
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