铂、钯基纳米材料的合成及催化性能研究-应用化学专业论文 word格式.docx

中文摘要铂、钯基纳米材料的合成及催化性能研究基苄胺和 S(-)-α-甲基苄胺修饰的纳米金银可以得到手性纳米线和纳米链。这些材料都有潜在的催化应用前景。纳米铂在氢气氛围下，生长快速，在 Pt NPs 上沿着八 个角生长速度最快，而在 FePt rods 和 FePt NWs 表面生长成双向外延生长，但在 Au NWs 上却是单向外延生长。即使是 PVP 包裹的 Pd NWs 和 Ag NWs，在油相中， 氢气还原下，纳米铂依旧可以还原生长在表面，形成异质结构。UV/O3 处理的 Pd NWs 可有效去除材料表面的 PVP，但是在处理过程中会出现断裂现象。（5）邻卤苯胺是重要的化工中间体，通常由邻卤硝基苯选择性加氢制备，但 由于副反应较多，脱卤严重。所以寻求合适的催化体系一直都吸引着许多研究者。 Fe(CO)5 诱发成核制备的 Pt NPs 和适当的弱碱（NaHCO3 和 NH3·H2O）构成的催 化体系用于邻卤硝基苯制邻卤苯胺。低温常压下即可实现加氢过程，产率达到 99% 以上，并且催化剂重现性好。关键词：电催化，加氢，纳米金属，油胺，氢气作者：谢瑞刚 指导教师：顾宏伟 教 授铂、钯基纳米材料的合成及催化性能研究英文摘要Synthesis and catalytic properties of platinum and palladium based nanomaterialsAbstractMetal nano materials have attracted many researchers’ attention intensively due to the high catalytic activity, good biological combination,antibacterial performance and so on. There are many synthetic methods for metal nano materials, wherein liquid phase synthesis method is still the main synthesis method. Liquid phase synthesis method is generally divided into two types: oil phase method and aqueous phase method.In recent years, some progress has been made in the synthesis of metal materials with hydrogen.From platinum nano cube and tetrahedron to dendritic nanocrystals, hydrogen has been proven to be an effective clean reductant. For this reason, we synthesized a number of novel nanomaterials with the liquid-phase synthesis at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere.The main research work can be divided into the following areas:Pt dendritic nanocubes were synthesized in pure oleylamine at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. According to the tracking analysis in the process of material synthesis, the dynamic composition of oleylamine and octadecylamine is the key factor for Pt dendritic nanocubes. The platinum precursor was induced to decomposition, nucleation and grow into Pt seeds by hydrogen. The surface of platinum nanocrystals have been continuously updated in the process of the catalytic hydrogenation of oleylamine oleylamine. Thus