不同空间环境对舱外航天服性能的影响-人机与环境工程专业论文 word格式.docxVIP

摘要本文主要目的是建立月球环境和火星环境两种空间环境下人体生物热模型和舱外航天服传 热传质模型，为舱外航天服的后续研究打下基础。本文采用 matlab 编程方法建立计算模型， 选取月球环境最大热流位置、代谢率 300W，月球环境最小热流位置、代谢率 150W，火星环 境最大热流位置、代谢率 300W，火星环境最小热流位置、代谢率 150W 四种极限状态为计算 状态。本文建立了人体生物热模型，将人体划分为 15 个节段以及中央血池，每个节段简化为皮肤层、脂肪层、肌肉层、核心层，因此本文建立了 61 节点人体模型；通过计算得到了人体温 度、出汗、寒颤、血流量等生理参数及其变化情况。为了获得四种计算状态下各节段液冷服液体温度、通风气体温度及其变化规率，对空间环 境、舱外航天服、液冷服、通风服、人体之间的传热传质进行了计算。结果表明，空间环境温 度、舱外航天服壳体的当量导热系数或者当量辐射率是影响舱外航天服的空间热流的主要因 素。在舱外航天服中，冷却液体主要带走热流，通风气体主要带走人体出汗产生的水汽以及呼 吸产生的废气等，同时由于液冷服液体温度较低，通风气体的出口温度可能会比进口温度还 低。在舱外航天服工作压力 40kPa 的状态下，通风气体会很快达到饱和状态，因此在舱外航天 服中要设置除湿的装置。本文所建模型可以较好地预测人体达到热平衡状态的过程，因此要想将人体温度控制在某 一范围内，可以通过预测和调节液冷服进口温度来实现。 关键词：人体生物热模型，舱外航天服，传热传质，空间热流，热平衡ABSTRACTThe objective of this thesis was to develop a human biological thermal model and a heat and mass transfer model for spacesuits for two different space environments on the Moon and the Mars to set up a foundation for the following study of spacesuits. The matlab programming method was adopted for modeling computational calculations. The maximum solar radiative heat flux on the Moon with the metabolic rate of 300W, the minimum solar radiative heat flux on the Moon with metabolic rate of 150W, the maximum solar radiative heat flux on the Mars with metabolic rate of 300W, and the minimum solar radiative heat flux on the Mars with metabolic rate of 150W were selected as calculating conditions.In the human biological thermal model, the human body was divided into 15 segments, which was simplified as the skin layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer and the core layer. Together with the central blood pool, a 61-node human biological thermal model was established. With this model the physiological parameters such as sweating rate, chills, blood mass flow and body temperatures were computed.The heat and mass transfers between space environment, extravehicular spacesuit, liquid cooling garment, ventilation garment and the human body were investigated to obtain the liquid temperature in the liquid cooling garment, the air temperatu