哈尔滨医科大学药理学1节.pptVIP

药理学总论-绪言 Pharmacology A Very Basic Intro What is a drug? any chemical agent which affects any biological process Sources of Drugs Animals Plants Minerals Synthetic Microbes Genetic engineering drugs 基因工程药物过程示意图 ①从细胞中分离出DNA ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ②限制酶截取DNA片断 ③分离大肠杆菌中的质粒 ④ DNA重组 ⑤用重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 ⑥培养大肠杆菌克隆大量基因 A goal of Genomics is to find and express genes that code for unknown peptides with significant biological properties, like receptors or enzymes. In a reverse Pharmacology approach this peptide, e.g. a receptor, is then used to fish for a natural ligand . With receptor and ligand in hand the biological role of the receptor needs to be determined. Finally, screening for synthetic ligands as well as lead optimization can lead to new drug candidates. In contrast, the classical approach to drug discovery starts with the identification of a ligand that has biological activity that in turn is used to fish for the corresponding receptor. One example for a Genomics strategy aims at identifying drug targets based on molecular homology within Gene-families. One of the most important families of drug-targets for the pharmaceutical industry is the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Of the top 200 best selling prescription drugs, more than 20% interact with GPCRs, providing worldwide sales of over $20 billion. The characteristic motif of the GPCR family is the seven distinct hydrophobic regions, each of 20 to 30 amino acids that form the transmembrane domain of these integral membrane proteins. This key amino-acid sequence motif can be found within all types of GPCRs and can be used to identify DNA-sequences that code for GPCRs. What is pharmacology ? the study of how drugs effect biological systems What is Pharmacology ? Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics What the body does to drug What the drug does to body Pharmacotherapeutics Pharmacocognosy The study of the use of drugs I