第二MechanismofTransportPhenomena_567004475.pptVIP

Mechanism of Transport Phenomena, Transport Properties and Continuum Approximation Classic constitutive equations for molecular transport: Flux = -(Transport property)×(Gradient) Magnitudes of Transport Coefficients viscosity Magnitudes of Transport Coefficients Thermal conductivity Magnitudes of Transport Coefficients Binary Diffusivity (Fick’s ) Theoretical understanding of transport phenomena in molecular basis The molecular transport of energy, species and momentum are based ultimately on the random motions of molecules. Models: to relate random motions of molecules to transport fluxes Lattice Model According to elementary kinetic theory, for low density gases: Application of Lattice Model to Gases The Kinetic Theory of Gases Reference: Sears, F.W., An Introduction to Thermodynamics, The Kinetic Theory of Gases, and Statistical Mechanics, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1953 Hirschfelder, J.O., Curtiss, C.F., and Bird, R.B., The Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids, J. Wiley Sons, New York, 1954 Chapman –Enskog Theory Lennard-Jones(6-12) potential: Gases Liquids Solids Chapman, S. and Cowling, T.G., The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, 3rd.ed, University Press, Cambridge, 1970 Chapman –Enskog Theory and Gas Viscosity Stokes-Einstein Model Diffusivities for Liquids Transport properties data source 1. J. Millat, J.H. Dymond, C.A. Nieto de Castro, “Transport Properties of Fluids: Their Correlation, Prediction and Estimation”, New York, IUPAC, Cambridge University Press,1996 2. Carl L. Yaws, “Handbook of Transport Properties Data: Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, and Diffusion Coefficients of Liquids and Gases”, Houston, Tex, Gulf Pub. Co., 1995 3. R.C. Reid, J.M. Prausnitz, B.E. Poling, “The Properties of Gases and Liquids” 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987 Lattice Model for Diffusivities in Solids (Non-swelling) Substitutional diffusion Interstitional diffusion Interstitional diffusion Substitutional diffusion Elementary jump-rate theo