大学物理英文17节.pptVIP

Lesson 17 25-3 Photons and the Compton Effect In 1916 Einstein extended his photon concept: like energy, momentum is transferred in discrete amount. The magnitude of the momentum p of a photon associated with a wave frequency f : photon momentum Photon energy E = hf In 1923, Arthur Compton proved Einstein’s view. E = hf = mc2 p = mc=hf/c Compton’ s apparatus The detector measures both the intensity of scattered x rays and their wavelengths. Carbon target Collimating slits X-ray tube Incident x rays Scattered x rays Detector The 1927 Nobel Prize Discovery of wavelength change in diffused x rays Compton shift y x Before collision After collision Conservation of momentum Photon scattered on free electron x θ Compton’s interpreting in terms of energy and momentum transfers from quantum physics Quantitatively analysis y x Conservation of energy Conservation of momentum Compton shift This formula indicates the increment of wavelength is independent of scattering material but depends on the scattering angle and increases as the scattering angle. x component y component Compton wavelength of the electron x θ (2) ? = ?, ?? has maximum value, namely energy loss of incident photon is most; photon is scattered opposite the incident direction, electron picks up maximum kinetic energy. Kinetic energy Discussion (1) ? =0, ?? =?, photon doesn’t interact with any electrons,and through the target directly. (3 )Using a longer wavelength of light, For ?=4000A,j =p, 5 0 10 048 0 - = = l l D l D A . 0 % , x- , A . 10 5 0 0 ? = = l l D p j l ray For 0 048 0 = l D A . We cannot observe the Compton effect. (4) This effect implies: a) photon has mass ,energy, and momentum; b) microcosmic particles’ interaction also obey energy conservation and momentum conservation. (5)Photoelectric effect and Compton effect Photoelectric effect Compton effect Incident photon Electron Scattered photon Absorb phot