Introduction to Cognitive Psychology 认知心理学 英文课件.pptVIP

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive Psychology versusBehaviorism Behavioral Psych: how S maps onto R Cognitive Psych: what happens in the mind Both can use formulas to map S onto R The difference is level of complexity What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive Psychology versusNeurobiology Neurobiology: how does the brain do it? Cognitive Psych: how does the mind do it? Both can use neurons to describe mind The difference is behavior (the big picture) What is Cognitive Psychology? Metaphor: mind = Windows Behaviorists: “What happens when I press Alt-Tab? Cool! It switched to my last open application!!” But how does that work? Neurobiologists: “Check this out, the harddrive and the RAM are both connected to the motherboard!” But what does that mean? Cognitive Psychologists: “Pressing Alt-Tab switches me between applications, and I know that Windows uses STM… Let’s propose a model of Windows where it stores which apps are open in STM, and when a user hits Alt-Tab, it switches between open apps.” What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive Psychology versusArtificial Intelligence (AI) AI: what’s the best way to do this? Cognitive Psych: how do humans do this? Both try to model some form of mind The difference is fidelity Brain is optimal: If AI truly wants to find optimality they should study Cognitive Psychology. Why study Cognitive Psychology Understanding the mind Education Medicine Therapy Artificial Intelligence Tool/Interface Design Gaming/Entertainment Etc. What is involved in Cognition The book lists: Perception, Attention, Memory, Problem-Solving, Language, Reasoning, Decision-making This is not a comprehensive list of mental processes These processes are not independent of one another E.g. attention may be part of perception; language may be part of memory and decision-making, etc. Complexity of Cognition Figure 1.1 (p. 3) - Complexity o