三奈米太阳能电池.pptVIP

奈米太陽能電池 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (色素增感型太陽能電池) 吳季珍 副教授 國立成功大學化工系 2004.07.21 K-12奈米實作研習營 Solar Cells The supply of energy from the Sun to the Earth is 3 x 1024 Joules/year. It is about 10,000 times more than the global population currently consumes. Covering 0.1% of the Earth’s surface with solar cells with an efficiency of 10% would satisfy our present needs. 太陽光能譜 色素增感型太陽能電池 vs.光合作用 Conventional Solar Cell vs. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Electron Transport in the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell---an important factor affecting energy conversion efficiency Diffusion coefficient of the electrons in the porous film was found to be several orders of magnitude lower than that of bulk crystal. Multitrapping model: electron transport is mediated by the conduction band and is interrupted by trapping. The traps could be formed by oxygen defects, amorphous layer on the particle surface, chemical surrounding, and lattice mismatch at boundaries. Injection electrons are slow down by trapping at the surface of the particles and may back reaction through recombination with I3- ions. 各種太陽能電池的比較 藥品與器材 透明導電玻璃 2×2 cm 二氧化鈦 (TiO2)粉末 乙基丙酮 (acetylacetone) 界面活性劑 (Triton X-100) 丙醯碳酸酯 (propylene carbonate) 碘 (I2) 碘化鉀 (KI) 色素 (Merchrochrome) 導電銅膠帶 TiO2 奈米薄膜 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 製作白金電極 以丙酮、酒精等溶劑於超音波水槽內震洗透明導電玻璃基板(ITO)。 清洗完畢取出後，以氮氣槍吹乾，並以三用電錶量測那一面為導電面，導電面朝上放置。 利用濺鍍機於透明導電玻璃上，鍍上一層白金，白金電極完成。 調配電解質溶液 於樣品瓶內裝入20 mL的丙醯碳酸酯(propylene carbonate)，加入0.254 g的碘(I2)以及1.66 g的碘化鉀(KI)，均勻混合後電解質溶液即配製完成。 此電解液應避免光照，因此在不使用時可用鋁鉑紙包裹，或是存放在沒有光照的地方。 色素增感型太陽能電池Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) 藥品與器材 * 色素增感型太陽能電池Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) 色素增感型太陽能電池工作原理 TiO2 奈米薄膜 hv hv 透明導電玻璃 e- 二氧化鈦 色素分子 h+ e- h+ e- 還原態(I3-) 氧化態(I-) 電解液電位 最大可獲得電壓 截取電洞 擴散 電解質 陰極 電子注入 色素增感型太陽能電池工作原理 光合作用機制圖 色素增感型太陽能電池 The dye solar cell: It is a biomimetic device It is a nanoparticle device It is a majority-carrier device Positive charge transport occurs through ion transport in the electrolyte, rather than hole conduction Its record eff