在职研究生考试英语培训讲义.pptVIP

情态动词 情态动词 否定式 简略否定式 May May not Mayn’t Might Might not Mightn’t Can Can not Can’t Could Could not Couldn’t must Must not Mustn’t Ought to Ought not to Oughtn’t to Will Will not Won’t Would Would not Wouldn’t 情态动词 否定式 简略否定式 shall Shall not Shan’t should Should not Shouldn’t need Need not Needn’t dare Dare not Daren’t May/might May 一般是“许可”和“可能”两种意思，用于肯定陈述句或否定陈述句，表示对事实的猜测。 E.g. You may smoke in this room You may lose your way if you don’t take a map. May/might +have +过去分词（或完成进行时），用于肯定陈述句和否定陈述句中表示对已经发生事情的不肯定猜测，意思是“可能”，“大概”，其中might比may的语气更弱，把握更小。E.g. They may have been discussing the problem the whole day. Our general manager may/might have gone to Harbin to attend the Fair there last week. Can/could Can/could 表示“可能”，可以用于肯定陈述句、否定陈述句和疑问句中，但是更频繁地用于否定句和疑问句中，could比can更表示说话人的语气的不肯定。E.g. He bought this car second hand. It can’t be that expensive/ Can the news be true? 注意：在肯定陈述句中，can和may在表示“可能”时，有着含义上的区别：can表示的是逻辑上的可能性；而may表示事实上的可能性。E.g. It’s a time of financial crisis. The pound may be devalued. Just like all other currencies in the world, the pound can be devalued if necessary. Can/could + have +过去完成时（或完成进行时），用于疑问句或否定陈述句，表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测。E.g. His father can’t/couldn’t have been at home because he has gone to the United States. Can/Could you have been working all the time? Must Must表示“必须” 在肯定陈述句中，must表示“必须”通常表示说话人的主观意志，或要求对方必须做某事。 E.g. In England traffic must keep to the left. You must be here by ten o’clock. 在疑问句中是征求听话人的意见，是否必须做某事。 Must I finish the work this week? 否定：do not have to/ need not Must I open the box myself? No, you needn’t Must 表示“必然” ,只用于肯定陈述句,表示根据逻辑推理必然发生某事 Bad seeds must bring bad crops 表示推测， 只用于肯定陈述句 You must be hungry after the long walk. 当表示否定的推测时，通常用cannot If Fred didn’t lever here before five, he can’t be home yet. need 表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句和疑问句中 I need not tell you any more about it. Need they fill in their tax forms? 让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示在某周相反的条件下， 主句中的情况却依然出现。 引导连词： though, although, even if, even though, while, granted (that), granting (that), admit