第十三章 控制1.ppt

三、反馈控制、前馈控制、现场控制 输　入 过　程 输　出 前馈控制 ———— 预计问题 实时控制 ———— 活动中控制 反馈控制 ———— 问题发生后控制 前馈控制 治病不如防病,防病不如讲卫生 人力资源的预先控制 挑选 培训 持岗上证、择优录取 材料的预先控制:进货检验 设备的预先控制:设备维修 财务的预先控制:预算 实时控制（现场控制）活动中驾驭控制关卡控制 电子计算机系统的应用 摄象设备的应用 反馈控制事后控制 损失浪费已成事实 充分说明计划行不行？ 一般人没有先见之明 同样错误不犯第二次的人 最常用的控制方式 管理者在哪些领域需要控制？ 财务状况、组织信息 * Managers can’t really know whether their units are performing properly until they’ve evaluated what activities have been done and have compared the actual performance with the desired standard. Control is important because it’s the only way that managers know whether organizational goals are being met and if not, the reasons why. * * A management information system (MIS) is a system used to provide managers with needed information on a regular basis. In theory, this system can be manual or computer based, although most organizations have moved to computer-supported applications MIS focuses specifically on providing managers with information (processed and analyzed data), not merely data (raw, unanalyzed facts) * * The balanced scorecard approach is a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective. A balanced scorecard typically looks at four areas that contribute to a company’s performance: financial, customer, internal processes, and people/ innovation/growth assets * * Would you be surprised to find that up to 85 percent of all organizational theft and fraud is committed by employees, not outsiders? And, it’s a costly problem—estimated to be around $4,500 per worker per year * * Would you be surprised to find that up to 85 percent of all organizational theft and fraud is committed by employees, not outsiders? And, it’s a costly problem—estimated to be around $4,500 per worker per year * * The U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health says that each year, some 2 million American workers are victims of some form of workplace violence such as verbal abuse, yelling at coworkers, purposeful damage of machines or f