理论力学双语教学第二章平面特殊力系.pptVIP

1 [例] 已知：塔式起重机 P=700kN, W=200kN (最大起重量)，尺寸如图。求：①保证满载和空载时不致翻倒，平衡块Q=？ ②当Q=180kN时，求满载时轨道A、B给起重机轮子的反力？ [Example] The weight of a crane is P=700kN, the full load is W=200kN, dimensions are given in the fig. Determine:①the range of the magnitude of Q to insure the crane never turns. ②let Q=180kN, W is the full load. Determine the reaction forces the railway apply on the wheels of the crane at the point A and B. Limit condition: Result: 限制条件： 解得 Solution: ⑴ ①When the crane is full load, the minimum of Q is determined by the condition that the crane does not turn right: 解：⑴ ①首先考虑满载时，起重机不向右翻倒的最小Q为： ②空载时，W=0 ②When W=0: 限制条件为： 解得 Limit condition: Result: 因此保证空、满载均不倒Q应满足如下关系： Consequently, the range of magnitude of Q to insure the crane does not turn is: ⑵ Q=180kN, full load W=200kN, determine NA, NB. Solution: According to the equilibrium equations of a coplanar system of parallel forces: ⑵求当Q=180kN，满载W=200kN时，NA ,NB为多少 由平面平行力系的平衡方程可得： If the result is negative, it denotes that the direction of the force is opposite to the assumed one. If a component subjected to the action of two forces, we commonly first assume that the forces is a tension. If the result is negative it denotes that the body is under compression. 如果求出负值，说明力方向与假设相反。对于二力构件，一般先设为拉力，如果求出负值，说明物体受压力。 A force acting on displace it--the displacement depends on the a body tends to : magnitude and direction of the forces rotate it-----the rotation depends on the magnitude and direction of the moments 力对物体可以产生 移动效应--取决于力的大小、方向 转动效应--取决于力矩的大小、方向 §2-3 The concepts and character of a moment and a force couple §2-3 力矩、力偶的概念及其性质 Ⅰ Moment of force about a point: - + 一、力对点的矩 ① 是代数量。 ① is a scalar. 当F=0或d=0时， =0。 ③ 是影响转动的独立因素。 When F=0 or d=0, =0. is the exclusive factor causing a rotation ⑤ =2⊿AOB=F?d ,2倍⊿形面积。 ⑤ =2⊿AOB=F?d