国外社会心理学1课件9.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Social Influence: Changing Others’ Behavior Social Influence Conformity Compliance Symbolic Social Influence Obedience to Authority Social Influence Goes To Work Social Influence Social Influence—efforts by one or more individuals to change the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, or behaviors of one or more others Conformity Conformity—a type of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes or behavior in order to adhere to social norms: Rules regarding how people are expected to behave in specific situations Conformity Asch’s (1950s) Research on Conformity Participants were asked to indicate which of three lines matched a standard line in length. Conformity During the critical trials, participants had to give their answers after a unanimous group gave the wrong answer. 76% conformed at least once to the group’s false judgment Overall, they agreed with the errors 37% of the time Later research found that an ally (someone who disagreed with the group) and the ability to make responses privately both reduced conformity. Conformity Factors that Affect Conformity Cohesiveness—the degree of attraction felt by an individual toward an influencing group As cohesiveness increases, conformity increases Group size As group size increases, conformity increases Descriptive Norms (what most people do in a given situation) and Injunctive Norms (specify what ought to be done) Both can increase conformity Normative Focus Theory predicts that people are more likely to conform to injunctive norms when they are salient to them. Conformity Situational norms Guide behavior in a given situation or environment Can be activated automatically without conscious awareness and can exert strong effects on behavior Conformity Why People Conform Normative Social Influence—based on the desire to be liked or accepted by others Informational Social Influence—based on the desire to possess accurate social perceptions This is an especially strong source of conformit