商务英语语法正文.doc

一 Make a conclusion of the rules of changing the singular form of noun to plural form. （一）一般情况 一般情况，加s. g. books 2 以s、x、ch、sh结尾，加s. eg. boxes 3 以元音字母加y结尾，加s. eg. boys 辅音字母加y 结尾，变y为ies. eg. city-cities 以f, fe结尾去f, fe加ves. eg. K ②直接加s. eg . belief-beliefs 以o结尾 ①,加es. eg. hero-heroes ②,直接加s. eg . bamboo-bamboos （二）不规则变换 foot –feet tooth- teeth man- men woman- women mouse- mice 局部变换，eg. child- children ox- oxen 单复数同行，eg. sheep , deer, Chinese, Japanese 外来语① Sis- ses, eg . Basis-bases ② On-a eg. Phenomenon-phenomena ③ Um-a eg. Medium- media 4 合成名词① 关键词变副词，eg. son-in-law② 最后一词加复数结尾，eg. go-between变go-betweens③ 都变复数，eg. manservant变manservants 二 The order of adjectives when the adjectives are used as the attributive. Make examples.后置定语 所修饰的是somebody ,anything等复合不定代词，只能作后置 eg . sth important nothing interesting 固定词组，必须后置eg. Governor General 形容词带有较长修饰成分时，eg. He is a man old enough to your father. （二）既能前置又能后置 意义不变或变化不大 eg. at the appointed time 意义不同，eg. the present situation. The students present 前置定语，eg. a tall man order of adjectives 限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新旧 颜色国籍出材料作用类别往后靠 三 Make a conclusion of passive voice with examples. 主动结构与被动结构的转换 宾语变主语eg. active object →passive subject active verb → passive verb phrase →phrase active subject →passive agent （二）双宾语的句子变被动语态，词、间接宾语变主语，另一个宾语保留 He gave me two books. I was given books by him. （三）复合宾语是由o加省略了to的不定式，变为不定式短语前加上to. eg. He made us recite the text. We were made to recite the text. （四）主语语态o是that引导从句变为it.作被动句的形式主语，也可把宾语从句中的主语变为被动句的主语。 eg. It is said that he is a good teacher. He is said to be a good teacher. （五）不能以被动结构出现的vt. be have become lack fit suit hold resemble eg . They have a nice house. （六）当反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，动名词单独作宾语时，不能变被动语态。 eg . They live a happy life. (同源宾语) 四. Make a conclusion of subjunctive mood with examples. main clause if clause past would/should/could/might+ have done had done present would/should/could/might+ do were , done future would/should/could/migh