单片机控制直流调速系统设计 毕业论文.docVIP

摘 要 本文主要研究了利用MCS-51系列单片机控制PWM信号从而实现对直流电机转速进行控制的方法。文章中采用了专门的芯片组成了PWM信号的发生系统，并且对PWM信号的原理、产生方法以及如何通过软件编程对PWM信号占空比进行调节，从而控制其输入信号波形等均作了详细的阐述。此外，本文中还采用了芯片L298N作为直流电机正转调速功率放大电路的驱动模块，并且把它与延时电路相结合完成了在主电路中对直流电机的控制。另外，本系统中使用了测速发电机对直流电机的转速进行测量，经过滤波电路后，将测量值送到A/D转换器，并且最终作为反馈值输入到单片机进行PI运算，从而实现了对直流电机速度的控制。在软件方面，文章中详细介绍了PI运算程序，初始化程序等的编写思路和具体的程序实现。此外，设计采用了数字速度给定和数字式测速方法，提高了速度控制的精度；加强了系统在电磁兼容性方面的设计工作，增强了系统的抗干扰性能。本设计最大特色是，为了提高系统精度，系统采用了两片单片机，其中一片做成PID控制器，专门进行PID运算和PWM控制信号输出；另一片则系统主芯片，完成电机速度的键盘设定、测量、显示，并向PID控制器提供设定值和测量值，设定PID控制器的控制速度等。 关键词： PWM信号；测速发电机；PI运算 Abstract This article mainly introduces the method to generate the PWM signal by using MCS-51 single-chip computer to control the speed of a D.C. motor. It also clarifies the principles of PWM and the way to adjust the duty cycle of PWM signal. In addition, L298N has been used as an actuating device of the power amplifier circuit which controls the speed of rotation of D.C. motor. What’s more, tachogenerator is used in this system to measure the speed of D.C.motor. The result of the measurement is sent to A/D converter after passing the filtering circuit, and finally the feedback single is stored in the single-chip computer and participates in a PI calculation. As for the software, this article introduces in detail the idea of the programming and how to make it. In addition,Design uses a digital speed given and digital speed method ，Improve the speed control precision .To strengthen the system in the electromagnetic compati- bility design work ，Enhance the system of anti-disturbance performance. This design feature is, In order to improve the precision of the system，System uses a two piece of single chip, which made a PID controller, specialised for PID operation and PWM control signal output; Another slice of the system the chips, complete motor speed keyboard set, measuring, display, and to provide PID controller set value and measured values, set the control speed of PID controller, etc. Key words：PWM signal；tachogenerator；PI ca