13年基础班曹欣语法的讲义.docVIP

学府考研培训学校 2013年考研 英语基础班讲义 语 法 主讲：曹欣 2012年3月 Part One.考研必考的语法点 虚拟语气 动词时态 动词的非谓语形式 倒装（试卷中的倒装要译成正常语序，否则扣0.5分） 强调句（有强调句处要画出来，都是出题陷阱） 主谓一致 省略（翻译题中省略的部分你要补全，否则扣1分，这是规则） 从句（包括定语从句和状语从句） There be 句型 Part Two.五大基本句型： 掌握了五大基本句型，其实也就是掌握了句子的主干，主要意思即刻呈现。 ①主语+系动词+表语??? ②?主语+谓语? ③主语+谓语+宾语??? ④主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语???? ⑤主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)?? 1. Law is a principle. 2. I work.. 3. The definition excludes many individuals. 4. The spooks(间谍) call it open intelligence（情报）. 5. My mother made me a new dress. You should show them that you are one of them. Part Three三类句子结构： 1简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句， 例如：She is fond of collecting stamps.　 2并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接， 例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.　 3复合句：包含一个主句和一个从句或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导， 例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.　　　 真题解析 1.He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 2. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. 虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 动词过去时（be用were） Should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 Had+p.p Should/would/could/might+have+p.p 与将来事实可能相反 动词过去时 Should+动词原形 Were to+动词原形 Should/would/could/might+动词原形 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 基本形式 If we caught the 10 o’clock train, we would get there by lunch time, If we had known your telephone number, we would have called you. If he were to get in touch with me, I could explain. If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.　　 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.　  If my lawyer had been here last