吉林大学《软件工程精品教学》第八章.pptVIP

chapter 8 Testing the Programs 程序的测试 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 8.1 Software fault and failures 软件故障和失效 How does software fail 哪些因素使得系统失效? The specification may be wrong or have a missing requirement.需求说明是错误的，或者遗漏了某个需求。 The specification may contain a requirement that is impossible to implement, given the prescribed hardware and software. 由于规定的硬件和软件的原因，说明中包含不可能实现的需求 。 The system design may contain a fault. 系统设计中包含错误。 The program design may contain a fault. The component descriptions may contain an access control algorithm that does not handle this case correctly. 程序设计中包含错误。组件描述可能包含不能正确处理这种情况的访问控制算法。 The program code may be wrong. It may implement the algorithm improperly or incompletely. 程序代码有错误。代码对算法的实现可能不正确或不完整。 Our goal is to discover faults, we consider a test successful only when a fault is discovered or a failure occurs as a result of our testing procedures. 我们的目标是发现错误。因为只有发现了错误、或者由于测试过程而使程序发生失效，测试才称得上成功。 Fault identification is the process of determining what fault or faults caused the failure. 错误确定是判定什么错误引发了失效的过程。 Fault correction or fault removal is the process of making changes to the system so the faults are removed. 错误纠正或去除是改动系统以去除错误的过程。 Types of faults 错误类型 Algorithmic fault 算法错误 Syntax fault 语法错误 Computation and precision fault 计算和精度错误 Documentation fault 文档错误 Stress or overload fault 强度或过载错误 Capacity or boundary fault 能力或边界错误 Timing or coordination fault 计时或协调错误 Throughput or performance fault 吞吐量或性能错误 Recovery fault 恢复错误 Hardware and system software fault 硬件和系统软件错误 Standards and procedures fault 标准和规程错误 Explanation of types of faults 错误类型说明 An algorithmic fault occurs when a component’s algorithm or logic does not produce the proper output for a given input because something is wrong with the processing steps.当由于处理步骤中的某些错误，使得一个组件的算法或逻辑对一个给定的输入不能产生正确的输出时，出现的是算法错误。 Compilers catch man