内分泌endocrinesystem---滨州医学院组织学与胚胎学.pptVIP

Chapter12 Endocrine System 内分泌系统 Components: Endocrine glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland (hypophysis) Pineal body Group of endocrine cells Endocrine cells (DNES) 概念： Hormone激素：内分泌细胞的分泌物 Target organ靶器官 Target cell靶细胞 paracrine旁分泌 Common features of endocrine glands： endocrine cells arranged into nest, cord, cluster or follicle, Ductless rich in capillaries * According to hormones Nitrogenous-hormone secreting cell含氮激素 RER Golgi secretory granules Steroid-hormone secreting cell类固醇激素 SER mitochondria lipid droplet 两种内分泌细胞的比较 Function of endocrine system 调节生长发育和代谢 维持内环境稳定 影响行为 控制生殖 Ⅰ. Thyroid gland Capsule of LCT: insert into parenchyma to separate them into lobules Parenchyma: lobules Follicles Interstitium: CT A. Thyroid follicle甲状腺滤泡 Follicular epithelial cell Cuboida Basophilic cytoplasm microvilli RER, Golgi, secretory granules lysosome, endocytotic vesicles Parafollicular cells Colloid A. Thyroid follicle甲状腺滤泡 甲状腺素的形成过程 A. Thyroid follicle甲状腺滤泡 Function of thyroid hormones increase the basal metabolism rate promote the cell growth raise body temperature increase heart rate play a role in foetal and neonatal development of CNS Function of thyroid hormones B. Parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞 B. Parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞 single between follicular cell in small groups in interstitial tissue nitrogenous-hormone secreting cell feature granules contain calcitonin降钙素 Ⅱ. Parathyroid glands Ⅱ. Parathyroid glands Ⅲ. Adrenal glands肾上腺 capsule: CT cortex: zona glomerulosa球状带-盐皮质激素 zona fasciculata束状带-糖皮质激素 zona reticularis网状带-性激素 medulla: Ⅲ. Adrenal glands adrenaline cell: 80% increase the heart rate dilate BV noradrenaline cell: 20% increase blood pressure increase the flow speed of blood 附:肾上腺的血管分布 Ⅲ. Adrenal glands 嗜铬细胞的分泌受交感神经节前纤维支配 皮质和髓质的血窦相连续，汇集为中央静脉 Ⅳ. Pituitary垂体 被膜 远侧部（前叶） 垂体 腺垂体 结节部 中间部 后叶 神经垂体 Adenohypophysis腺垂体 Pars distalispars 远侧部 Chromoph