动态环境下之决策行为模式.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 动态环境下之决策行为模式 Combat aircraft: excessive workload Civil aircraft: under-load (loss of vigilance) Man machine interface and communication Crew complement and crew schedule 飞机驾驶作业负荷 汽车驾驶作业负荷 驾驶是复杂的动态作业 驾驶行為:控制(Control level)、情境(Situational performance level)及导航(navigation level) 许多信息处理工作被转移到汽车上 车祸都是驾驶人心有旁骛，导致“信息处理失败(information processing failure)”，而非技术不佳 核控室之监控作业 工作由被动的监控转换成主动的介入操作 不确定何时会发生状况，且不明原因 有照与无照者工作任务间互相依赖 时间压力 自动操作和对程序的了解度与熟悉度 干扰和分散注意的事项 团队支持和团体思考模式 核能安全和商业考虑的冲突 不充足的沟通 轮班工作的影响? Performance on the main task Performance on the secondary task Subjective index (NASA TLX) Objective index: skin temperature, pupil diameter, muscle electromyograph (EMG). respiratory variables, Electroencephalograph (ECG). heart rate, heart rate variability Workload Measurement 1. In-flight Workload Assessment NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab Workload Ratingfor Regional Flight Workload ratings for landing (74.6), approach (72.2 ), take-off (66.2), and cruise (55.2 ) NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab Temporal - take-off. Important Factors(Across four flight segments) 0 1 2 3 4 Mental Performance Temporal Effort Physical Frustration Take-off Cruise Appraoch Landing Physical - cruise. Mental - approach Effort - landing. NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab Regional vs Long-Haul Differences were identified in take-off and cruise Aircraft characteristics? NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab Workload Assessment (Objectively) Continuous heart rate recording while training in a flight simulator (747-400) Normal scenario (take-off, cruise, approach, landing) Event scenario (go around, side wind, engine failure) NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab Workload During a flight Heart Rate (beats/min) Significant higher heart rate in take-off event (95) than normal (84) NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab 2. In-Vehicle Workload Assessment NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab How Drivers Allocate Attention? Secondary tasks Work load Divided Attention Important Tasks 方向盘控制 速度控制 其他控制 电话沟通 移动电话接打 交通号志