英文ThestructureofDNA.ppt

Chapter 2 The structure of DNA Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Primary structure: the components of nucleic acids 2.3 Significance of 5’ and 3’ 2.4 Nomenclature of nucleotides 2.5 The length of RNA and DNA 2.6 Secondary structure of DNA 2.7 Unusual DNA secondary structure 2.8 Tertiary structure of DNA 2.1 Introduction The DNA double helix is an icon for modern biology. The structure is certainly aesthetically pleasing, but is relatively meaningless without an understanding of how it relates to function. Likewise, function cannot truly be understood without an knowledge of structure. 2.2 Primary structure: the components of nucleic acids The sequence of nucleotides. Five carbon sugars Nitrogenous bases Phosphate functional group Nucleosides and nucleotides 2.3 Significance of 5’ and 3’ 5’ refers to the carbon in the sugar to which a phosphate functional group is attached. 3’ refers to the carbon in the sugar to which a hydroxyl functional group is attached. Understanding this directionality (polarity) is critical for understanding aspects of replication and transcription, for reading a DNA sequence and for carrying out experiments in the lab. 2.4 Nomenclature of nucleotides Read Page 17 Table 2.1 2.5 The length of RNA and DNA The number of nucleotides (nt) or bases is used as a measure of the length of RNA:100-many thousands nt The number of base pairs (bp) is used as a measure of length of double-stranded DNA. In practice, kb or kbp (kilobase pair) is used. DNA can undergo reversible strand separation Denaturation(melting) Hypochromicity Melting temperature(Tm) What factors affect Tm of a DNA molecule Renturation(annealing) Hibridization 2.7 Unusual DNA secondary structure Slipped structures:at tandem repeat Cruciform structures:at inverted repeat Triple helix DNA:at mirror repeat 2.8 Tertiary structure of DNA Supercoiling of DNA Topoisomerases relax supercoiled DNA Homework Page35 in your textbook Read Chapter 3 and answer the questions below: (1)What component