台湾成功大学软件工程课件ch03.ppt

Chapter 3 Software Processes Software Processes Coherent sets of activities for specifying, designing, implementing and testing software systems Objectives To introduce software process models To describe a number of different process models and when they may be used To describe outline process models for requirements engineering, software development, testing and evolution To introduce CASE technology to support software process activities Topics covered Software process models Process iteration Software specification Software design and implementation Software validation Software evolution Automated process support The software process A structured set of activities required to develop a software system Specification Design Validation Evolution A software process model is an abstract representation of a process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective Generic software process models The waterfall model Separate and distinct phases of specification and development Evolutionary development Specification and development are interleaved Formal systems development A mathematical system model is formally transformed to an implementation Reuse-based development The system is assembled from existing components Waterfall model Waterfall model phases Requirements analysis and definition System and software design Implementation and unit testing Integration and system testing Operation and maintenance The drawback of the waterfall model is the difficulty of accommodating change after the process is underway Waterfall model problems Inflexible partitioning of the project into distinct stages This makes it difficult to respond to changing customer requirements Therefore, this model is only appropriate when the requirements are well-understood Evolutionary development Exploratory development Objective is to work with customers and to evolve a final system from an initial outline specification. Should start with well-understood requirements Th