中外名园1第一章中国古典园林的类型和特点.pptVIP

In Japan, the influence of gardening styles came directly from Chinese garden builders visiting there. However, the Chinese influence in Europe took a more contorted route. In the 17th century, Europe became very interested in Chinese culture and this taste for things Chinese, called Chinoiserie, lasted into the nineteenth. Unfortunately, the Chinese objects that reached Europe were often poorly made items for export and reports of Chinese styles were transmitted by merchants, not garden builders or artists. The result was the building of European gardens that were supposedly Chinese, but that were actually natural landscapes with poor imitations of Chinese garden buildings and little to no understanding of the complex aesthetics upon which Chinese gardens are based. When Westerners finally traveled to Japan and China, political circumstances were such that Japanese gardens were in fine condition, but the best examples of Chinese classical gardens had fallen into ruin, thus the accurate representation of Oriental gardening styles was limited to the Japanese garden. Perhaps Chinas new interest in her own rich past will produce more examples of the classical Chinese garden that will influence our gardens in the future. (Originally published by Judith L. Schwab, former Information Officer, Consumer Horticulture, in The Virginia Gardener Newsletter, Volume 5, Number 1.) 源自/departments/envirohort/factsheets2/specdesigns/nov92pr2.html 名 园 鉴 赏 Appreciation of Famous Garden 名 园 鉴 赏 Appreciation of Famous Garden 、中国古典园林的类型 二、中国古典园林的特点 （一）本于自然、高于自然 （二）建筑美与自然美的融糅 （三）诗画的情趣 （四）意境的涵蕴 第一章 中国古典园林的类型与特点 、中国古典园林的类型 （一）按照园林基址的选择和开发方式的不同: 人工山水园 天然山水园 人为堆叠的假山和开凿的池——自然山水 小环境——大自然 平坦地段上、城镇内 人工山水园：“城市山林” 位于苏州市东北隅，始建于明正德四年间，为明代弘治进士、御史王献臣弃官回乡后，在唐代陆龟蒙宅地和元代大弘寺旧址处拓建而成。 拙 政 园 拙政园占地62亩，是目前苏州最大的古园林、我国四大名园之一。 拙政园布局主题以水为中心，池水面积约占总面积的五分之一。 天然山水园： 城镇近郊或远郊的山野风