英语语法--主谓一致.docVIP

高中一阶第十二天笔记 词汇学习：（教程） 语法学习---主谓一致 A.主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词及可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 　 There is much water in the thermos. 　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 　 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. B. 具体用法 1）主谓一致中的靠近原则 a)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 　 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. b）当either… or… 与neither… nor，　连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 　 Either you or she is to go. c) 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 　 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. d) not only … but also…谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致 Not only Lily but also her parents were excited about the match yesterday. e) not …but …谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致 Not me but Mary is responsible for the accident. f) … or …谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致 You or anybody else goes to help them quickly. 2) 舍近求远原则： 三个with两个除了和一个包括 with, together with, along with, except, no/ not / nobody…but, as well as, including, like, no less than Nobody but two girls is in the room He as well as I is right. He and I are right. Either he or I am right. 3) 必单情形 a) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语是each, every, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other,（位于句首）谓语用单数。 　 Each of us has a tape-recorder. 　 There is something wrong with my watch. We each have parents. b）当主语是一本书, 一种报刊或节目，或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 New York Times has a wide circulation. c） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) 　 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. d) 在一些限定词及短语，如either, neither, each, every, many a，many a …and many a …, each…and each…, no…and no…, every…and every…, 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。 Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.