19面向对象数据模型_19_.pptVIP

Extended Example (4) Declare an object variable of an interface Dim aDog As IDogInstantiate the COM object Set aDog = New DogAccess the properties and the methods of the interfaceMsgBox The color of the dog is aDog.Color .aDog.Bark Declare an object variable of another interface Dim aPet As IPetQueryInterface to find out if Dog supports the IPet interface Set aPet = aDogAccess the methods and properties of the new interface aPet.Name = SummeraPet.CallPet COM Summary To access the methods and properties of a COM object, you need to declare an object variable as one of its interfaces You cannot instantiate an object from an interface. You can only instantiate an object from a class that implements the interfaces Although you have an object variable pointing to a COM object, you can access only the properties and methods of the declared interface. To access the properties and methods of other interfaces, you need to use another variable and QueryInterface When a COM object has multiple interfaces, it takes several references to a single object to get all the functionality. In the above example, you have two references Example 1: all dogs are animals Example 2: numbers have operations like (+) and (-) and axioms like a + 0 = a A rational number is a number. Therefore rational numbers inherit all the operations (the behavior) applicable to numbers in general. The implementation, however, is different if we look at addition of complex numbers: z = x+jy, w = u+jv, then z+w = x+u+j(y+v) vs. addition of rational numbers an/ad: a + b = ((an * bd + bn * ad) / (ad * bd) ) Polymorphism A program may contain variables a, b: numbers which can be complex or rational numbers Every time a+b is executed, it must be determined, which operation to use: add(a,b) isRational(a) isRational(b)→rat.add(a,b) isComplex(a) isComplex(b)→complex.add(a,b) Polymorphism Example draw(object) applies to all spatial objects The implementation