《词汇学》完美讲义.pptVIP

4.2 Classification of compounds: Compounds are classified according to parts of speech, i.e. as noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds, which are then suvdivided by the syntactic relation of the compounding elements. These compounds will now be discussed in detail. 4.2.1 Noun compound: This is the commonest type. subject and verb: The verb may take the form of the base or that of the base plus –ing. Eg. crybaby—The baby cries; heartbeat– The heart beats; rattlesnake—The snake rattles; commanding officer—The officer commands; revolving door—The door revolves b. verb and object: The verb may take the form of the base or that of the base+ing. Eg.haircut—to cut hair; pickpocket—to pick other’s pocket; dressmaking—to make dresses; housekeeping—to keep house c. verb and adverbial: verbal noun–ing +adverbial. Eg. swimming pool—to swim in the pool or a pool for swimming; diving board—a board for diving, drinking cup—a cup for drinking, sleeping car—a car for sleeping d. subject and object: steam engine—Steam powers the engine; gaslight—The gas produces light; sugar cane—the cane yields sugar; honeybee—the bee produces honey e. restrictive relation: the first element restricts the meaning of the second. Eg. raindrop—a drop of rain; moonwalk—a walk on the moon; evening school f. appositive relation: the first element is in apposition to the second one, i.e a peasant girl—the girl is a peasant; dead-letter office—an office for letters that cannot be delivered or returned to the sender. 4.2.2 adjective compounds: They are subclass based on the syntactic relation of the compounding elements. Subject and verb: The verb is in the form of past participle. Eg. thunder-struck houses—thunder struck houses; hen-pecked—Hens peck cocks; book-filled—Books fill the room; heartsick—The heart is sick. b. Verb and object: The verb is in the present participle. Eg. Fault-finding—to find fault; peaceloving—to love peace; telltale—to tell tales; time-saving—to save time. c. Ver