ILawlecture11（双课国际法课件11）.pptVIP

International Environment Law Outlines Environmental Problems Brief history of environmental Law Principles of IEL Major types of Pollutions and solutions Environment problems The problems, and the problem of overlap: Food security Population Migration and Refugees Natural Resources Deforestation Environmental degradation Desertification Health Three Production Theory Material production Human production Environment production The model of three production process Process of Production evolvement Defining the environment The 1972 Stockholm Declaration, Principle 2 defines the environment as: ‘air, water, land, flora and fauna and…natural ecosystems’ as distinct from man-made systems’ Birnie and Boyle point out any definition has an Alice in Wonderland element in that it means whatever the author wishes it to mean Our understanding of the ‘environment’ is still evolving Underpinning environmental norms Exploitation: Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration (1972) has enshrined this internationally recognized right to exploit environmental resources to the effect that: “States have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies...” Also see Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration Conservation: Sustainable development Intergenerational equity Preservation: Intrinsic/instrumental values e.g. whales Brief history of IEL The municipal time China: the Tianlü in the Qin Dynasty Europe: the middle ages law regulates forest protection, etc. Brief history of IEL The early international time Before 1900 there were few multilateral or bilateral agreements concerning international environmental issues. Relevant international agreements were based on unrestrained national sovereignty over natural resources and focused primarily on boundary waters, navigation, and fishing rights along shared waterways, They did not address pollution or other ecological issues Brief history of IEL from 20th century to 19