C++程序设计课件_chapter1-2.pptVIP

PROGRAMMING IN C++(Second Edition) Implementation Phase Concrete solution (program). Translate the algorithm into a programming language. Test. The string data type is not part of the C++ language (that is, it is not a built-in type). Rather, string is a programmer-defined type that is supplied by the C++ standard library,a large collection of prewritten functions and data types that any C++ programmer can use. Operations on string data include comparing the values of strings,searching a string for a particular character,and joining one string to another. Naming Elements:Declarations Declaration : A statement that associates an identifier with a data object, a function, or a data type so that the programmer can refer to that item by name. Identifiers can be used to name both constants and variables. How do we tell the computer what an identifier represents? By using a declaration, a statement that associates a name (an identifier) with a description of an element in a C++ program (just as a dictionary definition associates a name with a description of the thing being named). In a declaration. We name an identifier and what it represents . For example, the declaration int empNum; anounces that empNum is the name of a variable whose contents are of type int. When we declare a variable ,the compiler picks a location in memory to be associated with the identifier and automatically keeps track of it for us . In C++ ,you must declare every identifier before it is used. This allows the compiler to verify that the use of the identifier is consistent with what it was declared to be. If you declare an identifier to be a constant and later try to change its value, the compiler detects this inconsistency and issue an error message. variables Variable : A location in memory,referenced by an identifier,that contains a data value that can be changed. While a program is executing , different values may be stored in the same memory location at different t