计算机系统导论2.ppt

Chapter 2 Hardware Systems Hardware Systems Reading Sequence: 2.1 Processor and Memory 2.2 Peripherals 2.3 Storage Devices 2.4 Putting Together the Hardware Components 2.5 Improving Computer Performance Assessments: Exercise 2 The chipset acts as the traffic cop (交警) controlling the flow of data and coordinating interactions among components in the system. Components pass data through the chipset, and the chipset monitors the data flow and passes data to other components. How these components work together. Example: the computer system completes a request to open a file and display the opened file on the monitor. The microprocessor sends instructions to the storage devices (via the chipset) requesting the specified file to be loaded into main memory. The storage devices send the file through the chipset to main memory. The microprocessor fetches the file contents from main memory. The microprocessor sends the display data to the monitor via the chipset. Components inside a computer A. Motherboard Provides sockets for microprocessor and memory chips, slots for circuit boards, and the circuitry that enable electrical signals to travel from component to component. Most of the hardware components inside the system unit are attached to the motherboard. B. Power supply Provides electrical power to the computer system. C. Microprocessor Processes instructions stored in main memory. Sometimes, the microprocessor is found underneath a cooling fan to prevent it from overheating. Components inside a computer D. Expansion slot Serves as a socket on the motherboard into which an expansion card maybe inserted. E. Expansion card Enables a computer to control peripheral devices such as the monitor and the microphone. F. Chipset Controls data flow among components. G. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) cable Transfers data from storage devices to the motherboard. H. Disk drives Stores data permanently (even after the computer is turned off). They