Chapter_cognition语言学.pptVIP

崔建斌：语言学教程（第三版），2008 Chapter SixLanguage and Cognitioncjbcui@126.com 1. What is Cognition? Mental processes, information processing Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. The formal approach: structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. The psychological approach: language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. The conceptual approach: how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. Related fields: Structural linguistics Cognitive psychology Anthropology, neurosciences Six subjects of research Language acquisition (FLA / SLA) Language comprehension Language production Disorders Language and Thought Neurocognition 2.1 Language Acquisition Holophrastic stage Language’s sound patterns Phonetic distinctions in parents’ language. One-word stage: objects, actions, motions, routines. Two-word stage Around 18 months Children announce when objects appear, disappear: Papa away. Point out properties, owners: All dry. / our car Comment: Reject and request: More cereal Ask: Three-word-utterance stage Give doggie paper. Put truck window. Tractor go floor. Fluent grammatical conversation stage Embed one constituent inside another Give doggie paper. Give big doggie paper. Use more function words. All parts of all language are acquired before the child turns four. 2.2 Language comprehension Mental lexicon Similarity frequency Word recognition 1. Cohort model by Marslen-Wilson Welsh: The first few phonemes of a spoken word activate a set of word candidates that are consistent with the input. 2. interactive model : The higher processing levels have a direct influence on lower levels. 3. Race model: P