计算机网络chapter5(3版+4版)网络层.pptVIP

Chapter 5 THE NETWORK LAYER (网络层) Network Layer Design Issues Routing Algorithm (路由算法) Congestion Control Algorithms （拥塞控制算法） Quality of Service Internetworking (网络互连) The Network Layer in the Internet Network Layer Design Issues 网络层涉及 分组从源端-〉目的端 处理端到端数据传输的最低层 数据链路层涉及 数据帧从导线的一端到另一端 Network layer design issues: Introduction Data link layer v.s. network layer Data link layer: to move frames from one end of a wire to the other. Network layer: to move packets from the source all the way to the destination. It deals with end-to-end transmissions. Network layer Must know about the topology of the communication subnet and choose appropriate paths through it. Must choose routes to avoid overloading some of the communication lines and routers while leaving others idle. To deal with internetwork different networks. 5.1.1 Stored-and-forward packet switching A host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest router. The packet is received, verified, and stored. Then it is forwarded to the next router. This step can be repeated many times. Finally the packet reaches the destination host. 5.1.2 Services provided to the transport layer The network layer services have been designed with the following goals in mind. The services should be independent of the router technology The transport layer should be shielded from the number, type, and topology of the routers present. The network addresses made available to the transport layer should use a uniform numbering plan, even cross LANs and WANs. Services provided to the transport layer Two-type of services: Connection-less services: (?Datagram) 30 years of experience with the computer network, unreliable internet, hosts doing error control and flow control Connection-oriented services. (?Virtual Circuit) 100 years of experience with the worldwide telephone system, quality of service ? Connection-less + connection-oriented services. 5.1.3 Implementation of Connectionless Service Routing within a di