国院C语言课件4.ppt

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition A First Book of ANSI CFourth Edition Chapter 4 Selection Objectives Relational Expressions The if and if-else Statements The if-else Chain The switch Statement Case Study: Data Validation Common Programming and Compiler Errors Introduction Flow of control refers to the order in which a program’s statements are executed Any algorithm can be built using combinations of four standardized flow of control structures: Normal flow of control for all programs is sequential Selection is used to select which statements are performed next based on a condition Repetition is used to repeat a set of statements Invocation is used to invoke a sequence of instructions using a single statement, as in calling a function Relational Expressions Simplest decision structure: if (condition) statement executed if condition is true The condition is evaluated to determine its numerical value, which is interpreted as either true (non-zero) or false (0) If condition is “true” the statement following the if is executed; otherwise, statement is not executed The condition used in all of C’s if statements can be any valid C expression Most commonly, a relational expression (can yield only 0 or 1) Relational Expressions (continued) Relational Expressions (continued) Relational Expressions (continued) Relational expressions are also known as conditions A relational expression evaluates to 1 (true) or 0 (false) The expression 3 4 has a value of 1 The expression 2.0 3.3 has a value of 0 The value of hours 0 depends on the value of hours Character data can also be compared using relational operators Relational Expressions (continued) Logical Operators More complex conditions can be created using the logical operations AND (), OR (||), and NOT (!) When the is used with two expressions, the condition is true only if both expressions are true by themselves Logical Operators (continued) Logical Operators (cont