Histology-respiratory system 呼吸系统.pptVIP

Bronchi Main bronchi (primary; extrapulmonary; L1, R1) --- lobar bronchi (secondary; intrapulmonary; L2, R3) --- segmental bronchi (tertiary; L8, R10; bronchi pulmonary segment) Pulmonary lobule: consists of a bronchiole and the area it aerated. Pulmonary acinus: consists of a terminal bronchiole and the area it aerated. Respiratory bronchiolar unit: a respiratory bronchiole and the area it aerated. *The wall of the bronchus: mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, cartilage layer, adventitia. Bronchiole One mm in diameter; without cartilage layer and glands. Terminal bronchiole: without goblet cells; simple cuboidal epithelium with ciliated cells and Clara cells (secret a surface-active lipoprotein and Clara cell protein CC16), as well as a few brush and small granule cells. Respiratory bronchiole ciliated cells and Clara cells (major cell type in distal end), as well as few brush and small granule cells; with alveoli (the site of gas exchange); with smooth muscle layer. Alveolar duct lined by alveoli, without smooth muscle layer. Alveolar sac (space) and alveoli Alveolar epithelium: simple squamous epithelium type I alveolar cells: covers 95% of the alveolar surface; thin squamous; occluding junctions; non-mitotic. type II alveolar cells: as numerous as type I; cuboidal; lamellar bodies (surfactant); progenital cells of type I alveolar cells. brush cells: few in number. * Respiratory System Conducting portion: Nasal cavity and oral cavity (forced breathing) Nasal cavity [Nares (Nostrils) --- Vestibule (stratified squamous epithelium, vibrissae) --- Nasal fossae (respiratory olfactory segments/mucosae) --- Choanae] ---Nasopharynx, Oropharynx --- Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) --- Larynx ---Trachea --- Primary Bronchi--- Intrapulmonary bronchi--- --- ---Primary bronchioles ---Terminal bronchioles ---Respiratory bronchioles. Respiratory portion Respiratory bronchioles (alveoli along the passage) ---Alveolar ducts --