英美概况review.ppt

Review 4 Political Divisions: UK: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland England: London major cities: Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester Scotland: Edinburgh major city: Glasgow Wales: Cardiff , Northern Ireland: Belfast Geographical Features Highland: Scotland, Wales Lowland: England Ben Nevis, the highest mountain Midland Valley of Scotland: Edinburgh and Glasgow Lough Neagh: the largest lake Pennines: the Backbone of England Lake District: West of the northern Pennines Rivers and Lakes Rivers: River Severn (355 km), the longest in the UK River Thames (336km), the second longest and the most important in the UK River Clyde, the most important in Scotland, Glasgow Lakes: Lake District: beautiful rock scenery Lough Neagh: the largest lake in the UK Climate Maritime climate: plentiful rainfall moderate temperature Factors: Water surrounding the country（环水） Prevailing south-west winds (四季盛行的西南风) North Atlantic Drift, warm current（北大西洋暖流） Industry and Agriculture Industry: Britain: an advanced manufacturing and trading nation Traditional industries, say, textile and coal mining, decline Service industries, say, banking and insurance, contributes most to GDP (74% GDP). Agriculture: efficient but not profitable 2% population providing 2/3 food needed by the whole nation 3/4 land available for farming 1/3 agricultural products imported Main crops: wheat and barley Main livestock: cattle and sheep British People Iberians (3000 B.C.): earliest settlers Celts (700 B.C.): ancestors of the Scottish, the Welsh and the Irish; Celtic language Romans (43 A.D.) Anglo-Saxons (410 A.D.)- ancestors of the modern English; the Old English Vikings (800 A.D.) Normans (1066 A.D.): many words borrowed from French Anglo-Saxon Times (410-871) Barbarian Germanic tribes: Jutes, Saxons and Angles Heptarchy 七国时代: 7 countries haunted by Vikings Alfred the Great (871-899), the king of Wessex, repelled Vikings, became the lord of all the English Conseq