HCI课件：Lecture 06 - Design principles.pptVIP

UI Hall of Fame or Shame? ? Three ways to print in Microsoft Office – File/Print menu item – Print toolbar button –Ctrl-P keyboard shortcut Hall of Fame or Shame? Usability Guidelines (“Heuristics”) ? Plenty to choose from – Nielsen’s 10 principles ? One version in his book ? A more recent version on his website – Tognazzini’s 16 principles – Norman’s rules from Design of Everyday Things ? Help designers choose design alternatives ? Help evaluators find problems in interfaces (“heuristic evaluation”) Guidelines From Earlier Lectures ? User-centered design – Know your users – Understand their tasks ? Fitts’s Law – Size and proximity of controls should relate to their importance – Tiny controls are hard to hit – Screen edges are precious ? Memory – Use chunking to simplify information presentation – Minimize working memory ? Color guidelines – Don’t depend solely on color distinctions (color blindness) – Avoid red on blue text (chromatic aberration) – Avoid small blue details 1. Match the Real World ? Use common words, not techie jargon（行话） – But use domain-specific terms where appropriate ? Don’t put limits on user-defined names ? Allow aliases/synonyms in command languages ? Metaphors are useful but may mislead 2. Consistency and Standards ? Principle of Least Surprise – Similar things should look and act similar – Different things should look different ? Other properties – Size, location, color, wording, ordering, … ? Command/argument order – Prefix vs. postfix ? Follow platform standards Kinds of Consistency ? Internal ? External ? Metaphorical Case Against Consistency ? Inconsistency is appropriate when context and task demand it – Arrow keys ? But if all else is almost equal, consistency wins 3. Help and Documentation ? Users don’t read manuals – Prefer to spend time working toward their task goals, not learning about your system ? But manuals and online help are vital – Usually when user is frustrated or in crisis ? Help should be: – Searchable –